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Using ultrasound to restore vision

A normal human hears sound in the frequency range 20 hertz (Hz) to 20 kilohertz, and the normal loudness, measured in decibels (dB), is between 30 and 70 db. Higher volumes, e.g. 85 dB and above, can lead to hearing damage. Ultrasound is defined as sound frequencies far beyond the audible range, and are expressed...

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Keep a dustbin or face action: Cyberabad civic body’s ‘No Bin, No Trade’ approach to hold businesses accountable

From discarded tea cups outside kiosks to food packets piling up beside commercial complexes, roadside garbage generated around shops and eateries in several localities of western Hyderabad may invite action from enforcement agencies, with the Cyberabad Municipal Corporation (CMC) preparing to tighten waste management rules for businesses under a “No bin, no trade” approach. The...

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India’s genetic mosaic: how understanding our genes can help improve our health

India is home to more than 1.4 billion people, thousands of communities, hundreds of languages, and five major language families. Many communities have historically practised endogamy and in some regions, consanguineous marriage. This is both a social and a biological fact with medical consequences. India is not one genetic population. Indians carry a layered inheritance...

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How do volcanoes affect the earth’s atmosphere?

Volcanoes change the earth’s atmosphere by releasing gases and particles in large quantities. When a volcano erupts, it blasts sulphur dioxide high into the sky, which reacts with water to form aerosols. Since aerosols scatter sunlight, a powerful eruption can end up cooling the earth’s surface for many years. Large eruptions also spew clouds of...

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IMD unveils weather model to provide ‘block level’ forecast of monsoon journey

Ahead of the monsoon this year, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) on Tuesday unveiled a new forecast system that will, for the first time ever, generate ‘block’ level forecasts of the monsoon’s arrival over 15 States and comprising about half of India’s roughly 7,200-odd blocks. Historically such estimates are available, at best, over States or...

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Cancer immunotherapy may reshape brain’s barrier to metastasis

Drugs that enhance the body’s immune response against cancer may also be altering one of its most tightly guarded boundaries: the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A recent study published by Yuval Shaked at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and his team, in Cancer Discovery, finds that PD-1 inhibitors, a widely used class of cancer immunotherapy, can...

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Why are some people mosquito magnets?

Scientists are now making progress in deciphering the complex chemical cocktail that makes particular people more enticing to these disease-spreading bloodsuckers. A range of sensory cues can cause mosquitoes to pick one human over another — mainly the smell and heat our bodies give off, and the carbon dioxide we exhale. Female mosquitoes — which...

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Constant mechanical force may be why heart cancer is so rare

The human heart beats more than 1 lakh times a day, pushing blood through the body under constant physical strain. Every second, it encounters circulating cells, including cancer cells that travel through the bloodstream. Yet tumours of the heart are strikingly rare. For decades, scientists have tried to explain this puzzle using genetics, immune surveillance,...

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