Fevers are common—but distinguishing a routine viral fever from dengue can be crucial. While both illnesses may begin with similar symptoms, the underlying mechanisms, risks, and diagnostic approaches differ significantly. According to Dr Prateek Kumar, Consultant in Medicine and Critical Care Management at Maccure Hospital, recognising these distinctions early can help prevent complications.
How dengue tests differ from viral fever
Most viral fevers are diagnosed clinically and typically resolve without specific testing. “General viral infections usually don’t require specialised investigations because they are self-limiting. Dengue, however, requires a targeted diagnostic approach,” explains Dr Kumar.
He adds, “Dengue has specific markers, which is why we rely on tests like the NS1 antigen in the early phase, and IgM or IgG antibodies later in the illness. These tests help confirm infection and track disease progression.”
A dengue test becomes necessary when certain red flags appear. “Anyone with a high fever lasting more than two to three days, especially during or after monsoon, should consider dengue testing—particularly if platelets are falling or hematocrit levels are rising,” Dr Kumar advises.
Why does dengue carry a higher risk of severe complications?
Unlike common viral fevers, dengue can cause more severe illness. “Dengue virus directly suppresses bone marrow, reducing platelet production, and simultaneously makes blood vessels leaky,” Dr Kumar explains. This dual impact is what leads to a significant drop in platelet count, fluid leakage, and potential internal bleeding, he adds.
In contrast, most viral fevers do not cause such deep systemic damage. “Typical viral infections rarely interfere with platelets or blood vessel integrity, which is why they resolve with rest, hydration, and symptomatic treatment,” he adds.
AI image for representational purposes (Photo: Freepik)
Early warning signs of dengue
“Warning signs such as severe headache, pain behind the eyes, and intense muscle and joint pain are more characteristic of dengue,” says Dr Kumar.
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As the disease progresses, more alarming symptoms may appear. “Persistent vomiting, abdominal pain, gum or nose bleeding, easy bruising, or black stools are danger signs,” he cautions.
Another overlooked signal is the sudden drop in fever followed by worsening weakness. “A falling platelet count, reduced urine output, or increasing restlessness must never be ignored,” Dr Kumar emphasises.
Why early detection matters
Timely diagnosis can prevent severe complications, especially in high-risk groups such as children, the elderly, or those with underlying health issues. Dr. Kumar stresses, “Early detection allows us to monitor patients closely, manage fluid balance, and intervene before organ involvement or shock develops.”
DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to.
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